Following a year of incredible growth in 2024, we added almost $9 billion in net premiums written in 2023 and almost 3.7 million additional policies in force. What made 2023 even more exceptional was that along with that growth came remarkable profitability. We earned almost $13 billion in comprehensive income across our operating and investing units, our comprehensive return on equity of 40%. Policy in force growth was also positive across all the businesses, with personal vehicles leading at 12% or almost 3.5 million more policies than last year.
We are actively looking for ways to increase growth in property through bundling. In commercial lines, PIF growth was primarily from business auto and contractor risks, while growth in trucking was challenging as the industry continued to face headwinds. Our culture and our focus on the growth and profitability operating mandate are supported by a very efficient capital model and strong risk-adjusted portfolio returns. We view our comprehensive return on equity along with growth to be the ultimate measures of our financial success.
As you can see from the slide, return on equity in our industry is correlated with price-to-book ratio. Additionally, we believe growth plays a considerable role in our multiple being substantially above the line derived from the large public property and casualty competitors. Comprehensive return on equity is a function of the operating discipline we so frequently discuss in these calls and also very much a function of discipline around our financial policies. Today's discussion will go deeper on those policies, highlighting recent changes in operating leverage, providing insight around our variable dividend, and detailing our approach to managing our nearly $100 billion portfolio at year-end.